Petech, Luciano.Aristocracy and Government in Tibet 1728-1959. Roma: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1973, pp. 39-40.
Shakabpa, Wangchuk Deden, and Derek F. Maher. 2009.One Hundred Thousand Moons: An Advanced Political History of Tibet. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill, pp. 557-563.
Smith, Warren W. 1996.Tibetan Nation: A History of Tibetan Nationalism and Sino-Tibetan Relations. Boulder: Westview, 135-140.
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The TBRC RID number refers to the unique ID assigned by the Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center (TBRC.org) to each historical figure in their database of Tibetan literature.