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Shakabpa, Wangchuk Deden, and Derek F. Maher. 2009.One Hundred Thousand Moons: An Advanced Political History of Tibet. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill, pp. 557-563.
Smith, Warren W. 1996.Tibetan Nation: A History of Tibetan Nationalism and Sino-Tibetan Relations. Boulder: Westview, 135-140.
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