Tsering Shakya. 2005. "The Thirteenth Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso." In Brauen, Martin, ed.The Dalai Lamas: A Visual History. London: Serindia, pp. 137-161.
Petech, Luciano.Aristocracy and Government in Tibet 1728-1959. Roma: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1973, pp. 22-25.
Shakabpa, Wangchuk Deden, and Derek F. Maher. 2010.One Hundred Thousand Moons: An Advanced Political History of Tibet. Vol. 2. Leiden: Brill, pp. 627-8, 630-631.
Did you know that reader support helps keep The Treasury of Lives running?
All our content is available to readers everywhere without a paywall, and with your help, we can keep it that way.
If your circumstances allow, please make a donation to ensure this resource can grow and remain open for all.
The TBRC RID number refers to the unique ID assigned by the Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center (TBRC.org) to each historical figure in their database of Tibetan literature.